Revised Sam Cheat Sheet
The last cheat sheet I posted was in need of revision and reordering. This one is better than the last–I hope.
CHEAT SHEET OF SAM COMMANDS
x cmd - set dot and run command on each matching line
. – apply command to dot
, – apply command to whole document
< replace dot with std input of command
! run the unix command
> send dot to std input of command
0<date – insert date
>spell – check spelling
>wc -l – count just the lines
>wc – do a line, word and character count
| tr a-z A-Z – change case |
,x/".+"/ y/"/ | tr [:lower:] [:upper:]
OR
,x/".+"/ y/"/ | tr a-z A-Z
– to capitalise all letters inside quotes
s/.*/*&*/ – enclose phrase in asterisks
| fold -s – break up/format long lines |
| fmt – idem |
| sort – sort the file |
| uniq – delete juxtaposed duplicate lines |
| awk '!seen[$0]++' – delete non-juxtaposed duplicate lines |
,x/\n+/a/\n/ – finds every occurrence of 1 or more (+) newlines (\n) and appends a new line.
vi or +/vi/ – search forward
0/regex/ – search from beg. of file forwards
0/regex/+-p – search for a string and select the whole line that contains it
/vi/+- m 0 selects and moves the next line containing "vi" to the top of the file
/vi/+- t 0 selects and copies the next line with "vi" to the top of the file
$/regex/ – search from end of the file backwards
Search for a string, and then go from search results in sam window to document:
,x g/hello/{
p
=
}
0,$ t "peter.c" 0 – copy contents of one to another
, and ; selects whole document
, equivalent to 0,$
0;5 and 0,5 - selects 1st five lines
-/^/+#10 – go to 10th column of current line
B < echo *.org – One can load multiple files by using <
B < grep -l vi * will load only those files that contain the string "vi"
D is the complement of B. It eradicates the file from sam's memory but does not delete the file from disk! Without a name argument removes current file
e replaces current file with one specified
f changes the filename
f <nl? – set the current filename to null
n gives a list of read and loaded files
{} Braces group commands
[ˆn] any char but n
[nm] n or m
w writes the whole file, or parts of a file to disk
< cat /home/red/bin/songs – insert contents of a file
r /home/red/bin/songs – idem
r replaces dot in the current file with the contents of the file specified
< /home/red/bin/songs – insert contents of a script
> /home/red/bin/pass google – output contents of script to sam window
< echo "Hello world" – insert ascii code at the current position
x/^/a/ / – indent the selected text by 1 tab. x means apply to all lines in the selection.
sam terminal information
. indicates the current file
- the file has a window open
- the file has been read by sam
the file is open in more than one instance
' the loaded file differs from the file on disk
.+\n – finds lines with text
.*\n – matches single whole lines
0/Ben/,/Son/ – find a range of text
.,/regexp/ – selects text FROM dot to the regex
./regexp// – selects the second occurrence of a regex
./regexp// – selects the third occurrence of a regex
vi/+/vi – search for the second occurrence of "vi" following dot
p – prints contents of dot in sam terminal
= – prints current value of dot in sam terminal
,t "junk" 0 – copy current file to start of file "junk"
Perform conditional ACTIONS on lines:
g/regexp/ command – g = if. If dot contains regexp, run command
g/test/d
,x g/vi/p – if a line has "vi" print the line in sam window
v/regexp/ command – If dot does not contain, run a command
,x/.*\n/ g/ed/ v/red/ p – find lines with ed but not red
,x/".+"/ y/"/ – search for text in quotes but do not show lines with "y"
,x/".+"/ x/"/ – search for text between quotes and only show the quotes
,x .*\n g/vi/ p - break file into lines, if lines contain "vi, print
,x/ +$/d – delete empty whitespace at end of every line
,x/'+$/i/ –color-auto/ – insert the phrase "–color-auto" into every line that ends in 1 or more '
.x/Peter/d – search dot for 'Peter' and delete 'Peter'
,x/\\v|\\c|\\s1|\\q1/d – multiple deletions
,x/\*/d – delete all asterisks
,x/^ /d – delete the indents
,x/^ +/d – delete all blank spaces at beginning of lines
,x/^$\n/d – delete all blank lines
,x/\n\n\n+/c/\n – change multiple blank lines into 1 blank line
,x/[0-9]/d – delete lines with numbers
,x/http.[^,]*?/d – search for "http…," and delete
C-i – create a tab stop of 8 spaces
,x/^/a/ / – indents text with a tab stop.
x/^ /d – remove 1 tab of indent from selection
,x/[‘‘’’“”‘’]/c/" – change all smart quotes into straight ones
,x/".+"/ x/"/ c/'/ – change double quotes (that surround one or more characters) to single quotes
,x/good/ c/bad/ – change "good" to "bad" on every line
,x/teh/c/the/
,x/Emacs/x/E/c/e/ - change all the capital "E"s in "Emacs" to lower case "e"s
X – is an iterator that works on files not lines
X D – remove out all up to date files
X/regexp/ command – Run command on files whose menu line matches
X/questions/D – close file called "questions"
X/\.sam$/,x/the/+-p – search multiple files for text and print the results
X/.*/,x/<cr>/d – strip <cr> from all files
X ,x/(.+\n)+/ g/account/+-p – look through every file, and every line, and if any line contains "account" print it out in sam window
s/.*/& Hello/ – add " Hello" to the end of line
s/good/bad/
The y command excludes from consideration in the seach that follows.
,y/ben/ x/(.+\n)+/g/Directory details/p
Y/regexp/ command – Exclude the file named by "regex" from consideration.
.x g/fred/ v/………/ c/jim/ – Look through dot. If dot contains "fred" change it to "jim" provided it is not "fred….."
,x[a-zA-Z]+/{
g/fred/ v/…../ c/jim/
g/jim/ v/…./ c/fred/
}
In the above command braces {} allow for multiple commands. The command says: search every line that contains 1 or more letters, if the line contains "fred" change it to "jim" and if "jim" change it to fred, provided "fred" is not "fred." and "jim" not "jim."
g - "if"
v" - "if not, unless the regex is"
,| ssam -f yourscript – apply a sam script